Calorimeter.



G. J. EMERSON.

GALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 20, 1908.

931,189. Patented Aug. 17,1909.

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O. J. EMERSON.

GALOBIMETEB. urmourox FILED 176.20, 1908.

931,189. Patented Aug. 17,1909.

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c. J. EMERSON. GALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 20, 190B. 931, 189, Patented Aug. 17,1909.

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4 1 imp-. Z9 Am I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES .T. EMERSON, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

CALORIMETER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it kno n that 1, CHARLES J. EMERSON, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Providence, in the county of Providence and State ofRhode Island, have invented new and useful improvements in Calorimeters,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to calorimeters, and particularly to calorimetersof the class commonly known as bomb calorimeters, used for determiningthe calorific Value of combustihle materials.

The bomb calorimeter hereinafter described is particularly designed fordeter mining the exact heating value of solid and liquid fuels such ascoal and fuel oils commonly used for heating and generating power.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate certain embodiments of theinvention; Figure 1, is a central vertical section of an improved bombcalorimeter with the parts assembled in position for testing thecalorific value of a fuel; Fig. 2, is a horizontal cross section on line2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a plan view of the holder for the bomb; Fig.4, is a vertical central section of the holder shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5,is a plan View of another form of holder for the bomb; Fig. (3, is avertical central section of the holder shown in Fig. 5, together withpart of the oxygen apparatus in its relation to the holder; Fig. 7, isan enlarged detail View showing in central longitudinal section, theplug used atthe bottom of the bomb; Fig. 8, is a plan view of the nutused for coupling the two sections of the bomb together; and Fig. 9 is aplan view of the lower cup or section of the bomb.

Referring to the drawings, A represents a jacket consisting of a doublewalled tank or vessel, preferably made of copper, into which water isinserted. Within the chamber 13 formed within the inner wall of thejacket A is placed a calorimeter can 0. The bomb contained within thecalorimeter can C comprises a lower cup D and an inverted upper cup D.The two cups are made of a high tensile strength metal, and areseparably joined together by means of a steel nut or coupling ring E,threaded upon the lower cup at e, and having a flange e engaging theflange e on the upper cup. The contact faces of the two cups areprovided respectively with a groove d and a tongue d, a

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed. August 20, 1908.

Patented Aug. 17, 1909.

Serial No. 449,445.

lead gasket being inserted in said groove to insure a tight joint. Thebomb is lined as usual with sheet metal, spun in to fit, or withporcelain; The principal advantages of providing a bomb separable at ornear its middle, are that after the fuel has been put in the fuel pan,the fuel pan need not be disturbed or moved within the bomb and furtherthat easy access may be had to the lower part of the bomb for arrangingand adjusting the fuel pan and the fuse wire.

In the bomb calorimeters commonly used it is necessary to lower the fuelpan after it is filled into the bomb through an opening in the top ofthe bomb, and in some cases thereafter to connect the fuse wire with itsproper contacts, all of which endangers the spilling of the fuel. Bymaking the whole top part of the bomb removable and by supporting thefuel pan in the manner hereinafter described, the danger of spilling ordis turbing the fuel in the pan is avoided, and this construction willbe greatly appreciated by those who have experienced the difiiculties ofmanipulating bombs as heretofore usually constructed having merely a lidor cover at the top. Furthermore a separable bomb.of the above describedtype renders more easy the insertion of the lining whether of spun metalor porcelain than in bombs heretofore used, having simply a cover.

The bomb is supported at the bottom of the can C by means of a standmade of suitable insulating material such as vulcanite, and herein shownas an annular support or ring F.

The bomb is preferably made of substantially oviform shape as shown inthe drawings. As it is desirable that the quantity of water in thecalorimeter can C should be reduced as far as practicable in order thata greater variation in temperature of the water may be observed intesting the fuel, thus reducing the percentage of error, a can isprovided having its lower end made in the form of a truncated cone, theflat surface of which 0 accommodates the stand F for holding the bomb,and the conical surface of which 0 approximately conforms with thegeneral contour of the lower end of the bomb, which is tapering, therebyreducing the capacity of the can between the walls thereof and the wallsof the bomb.

The table or stand G rests in the bottom of the chamber B and supportsthe calorimeter can C and its contents.

At the top of the bomb in the dome formed by the inverted cup is anoxygen inlet pas sage it connected with the interior of the bomb andwith the valve chamber IL formed within the valve casing if. The inletpassage h, is controlled by the valve 7L3, whose spindle isscrew-tln'eaded in the valve casing 712 and adapted to be seated uponthe valve seat 72/ made of \ulcanite or other suitable material toinsure a tight joint when the valve is. closed. The short pipe 71Fcommunicating with the valve chamber is adapted to be connected with theoxygen apparatus for filling the bomb.

Cent ally located in the bottom of the bomb is a plug, consisting of asteel sheath or wall y', containing therein an, insulation of porcelainj, through which extends the tapered contact pin The contact pin jprojects. beyond the surface of the bomb and beyond the end of the pluginto contact with the calorimeter can C, and the bomb rests upon saidcontact pin as well as upon the stand F, thus insuring a perfect contactby merely setting the bomb within the can, without any attention ormanipulation on the part of the user. Secured to the upper end of saidtapered contact pin is a wire frame is of non-corrosive metal whichsupports. the fuel pan Z. The connection between the pin 7' and the wireframe k is separable, and preferably consists in a tapered bore j in theend of pin 7' cooperating with the tapered end j of the frame is, whichis held in the bore by frictional engagement. The fuse wire at which isof platinum, as is also the fuel pan Z, is connected as shown with thefuel pan at one edge thereof, then dips within said pan sufliciently tocome in contact with the fuel to be placed in the pan and thence is ledto the side of the bomb where it is grounded at the binding post a. Thecircuit through said fuse wire m is completed by the conductor 0,connected with the calorimeter can C, and, the conductor 79, connectedwith the bomb through the stem of valve if, said conductors 0 and 79leading to a suitable source of electrical energy (not shown).

In order to circulate the water within the calorimeter can C to equalizethe tempera ture, a stirrer is provided consisting of a depending tube twhich extends into. the calorimeter can C above the broadest part of thebomb. but terminates short of the broadest part of the bomb, thusobviating the necessity of enlarging the can to accommodate the stirrerat one side of the bomb as is usual. The volume of water is therebyreduced as much as possible WVithin the tube t is a shaft t, on whichare mounted the propeller is open at the lower end and is also providedwith an opening in its upper part to admit of free circulation of thewater. The shaft 6 is driven by a small directly conuected motor M bothmotor and stirrer being mounted on post P on the calorimeter acket; ormay be driven by any other suitable driving mechanism. A similar post Pon the alorimeter jacket supports the thermometer T.

The manipulation of the device is as follows rlhe lower half of the bombis placed in the holder shown in Figs. 3 and t, which consists of aplate It having an annular recess to receive the bomb, said recessprovided with a flange or ledge 1" upon which rests the supportingflange or rim (Z provided on the lower cup of the bomb. The bomb holderor support is provided with sockets or recesses '1" adapted to cooperatewith the corresponding lugs d" on the lower cup of the bomb to preventthe bomb from turning therein. After the fuel pan, its supporting frame,and the fuse wire have been arranged as already dcscribed, and thefinely divided coal or other fuel to be tested has been placed in thepan, the upper inverted cupv is placed in position and drawn into placeby means of the coupling ring or nut l), a heavy wrench or spannerengaging the lugs 6 being used for this purpose. The holder justdescribed holds the bomb rigidly and firmly against any danger oftipping or jarring, and possesses important advantages over the com- 5mon forms of screw clamps heretofore used to hold the bomb whilescrewing on the caps. The bomb is then placed in the holder shown inFigs. 5 and 6 which consists of a standard S having an annular support Smade with a supporting ledge S and notched similarly to that alreadydescribed and. shown in Fig.

Said annular support S is revoluble upon or angularly adjustable withrelation to, the frame or standard S. then turned upon its revolu'blesupport until the short inlet pipe it is in alinement with the deliveryend U of the oxygen apparatus. The set screw S of the bomb holder isthen set up to hold the adjustable supporting ring and the bomb in itsadjusted position. The nut or coupling screw U is then screwed up toconnect the pipe 71. with the oxygen delivery pipe U. The oxygendelivery pipe is rigid and is permanently fixed in its proper relationto the bomb holder S, so. that the oxygen apparatus may be connected ordisconnected with the bombv without danger of jarring the bomb ordisturbing the fuel and fuse wire therein.

lVhen the bomb has been filled with oxygen to the required pressure itis. placed in the calorimeter can and is ready for use.

I claim:

1. In a. calorimeter, a calorimeter can, and a bomb therein comprising alower cup, and an inverted upper cup, separably joined to gether, thelower cup having therein a fuel pan, a fuse within the pan and a contactpin passing through the bottom of the lower cup The bomb is insulatedtherefrom and making contact with said can, said fuse wire beingconnected at one end with said pin and at its other end with the wallsof said bomb.

2. In a calorimeter, a calorimeter can, and a bomb therein comprising alower cup, and an inverted upper cup, separably joined together, thelower cup having therein a fuel pan, a fuse wire within said pan, and aplug in the bottom of the lower cup comprising a tubular shell, aninsulation therein of porcelain or the like and a contact pin passingthrough said insulation and making contact with said can, said fuse wirebeing connected at one end with said pin and at its other end with thewall of said bomb.

3. In a calorin'ieter, a calorimeter can, and a bomb therein comprisinga lower cup, and an inverted upper cup separably joined together, astand of insulating material resting in the bottom of said can andsupporting said bomb, a contact pin passing through the bottom of saidlower cup insulated therefrom and projecting therebeyond into contactwith said can, a fuel pan supported in said lower cup and a fuse wire insaid pan connected at one end with said contact pin and at its other endwith the wall of the bomb.

4. In a calorimeter of the character described a calorimeter can, a bombtherein containing a fuel pan, a fuse wire, and fuse wire circuit, saidcircuit including a contact pin passing through the bottom of the bomb,insulated therefrom and projecting therebeyond, and an annular stand ofinsulating material resting upon the bottom of said can and surroundingthe contact pin, said bomb being supported within the can by said standand contact pin.

5. In combination with a calorimeter can and bomb of the characterdescribed, a plug in the bottom of said bomb consisting of a tubularsheath, porcelain insulation therein and a tapered contact pin extendingthrough said porcelain insulation and beyond the bottom wall of thebomb, adapted in part to support the bomb in the can.

6. In combination with a calorimeter can and bomb of the characterdescribed, a plug in the bottom of said bomb consisting of a tubularsheath, porcelain insulation therein, and a tapered contact pinextending through said porcelain insulation and beyond the bottom wallof the bomb, adapted in part to support the bomb in the can, and a wireframe secured to said pin serving both to support a fuel pan and to formpart of the fuse wire circuit.

7. In a calorimeter, a bomb having its lower end tapering in generalcontour, and a calorimeter can containing said bomb, tapered at itslower end to'conform approximately to the form of the bomb and so reducethe capacity of the space between the can and bomb.

8. In a calorimeter, a bomb having its lower end tapering in generalcontour, and a calorimeter can containing said bomb having its lower endin the form of a truncated cone, the fiat surface of which supports thebomb, and the conical surface of which conforms approximately to theform of the bomb.

9. In a calorimeter, a bomb, a calorimeter can containing and closelysurrounding said bomb, and a stirrer for circulating the fluid withinsaid can, consisting of a depending tube within the can located aboveand terminating short of the broadest part'of the bomb, containingrevoluble propeller blades.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, this thirty first day of July1908.

CHARLES J EMERSON.

WVitnesses CHARLES L. NORTON, ROBERT CUsI-IMAN.

